Understanding the Different Types of Glaucoma: Open-Angle vs. Angle-Closure

Glaucoma, often referred to as the “silent thief of sight,” is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, potentially leading to irreversible vision loss. While many people associate glaucoma with increased eye pressure, the condition is more complex, with various forms and underlying causes. Two of the most common types are open-angle glaucoma and angle-closure glaucoma. Understanding the differences between these conditions can help you recognize early warning signs and seek timely treatment.
 

What is Open-Angle Glaucoma?

Open-angle glaucoma is the most prevalent form of glaucoma, accounting for about 90% of all cases. It develops gradually and often without noticeable symptoms until significant vision loss has occurred.
 

Key Features of Open-Angle Glaucoma:

• Drainage Problem: The eye’s drainage canals, located at the trabecular meshwork, remain open, but fluid flows out too slowly, causing pressure to build up.

• Symptoms: Usually asymptomatic in the early stages. Over time, peripheral (side) vision becomes impaired.

• Risk Factors: Age (typically over 40), family history, high intraocular pressure, and medical conditions such as diabetes or hypertension.
   

Why Early Detection is Crucial:

Because open-angle glaucoma progresses silently, regular comprehensive eye exams are essential, especially for individuals at higher risk. Early detection allows for intervention that can slow or halt vision loss.
 

What is Angle-Closure Glaucoma?

Angle-closure glaucoma, also known as closed-angle or narrow-angle glaucoma, is less common but far more acute. This type occurs when the drainage angle between the iris and cornea becomes blocked, leading to a rapid rise in eye pressure.
 

Key Features of Angle-Closure Glaucoma:

• Drainage Blockage: The drainage canals are physically obstructed, preventing fluid from exiting the eye.

• Symptoms: Often sudden and severe, including intense eye pain, headache, nausea, blurred vision, and seeing halos around lights.

• Risk Factors: Smaller eye anatomy, hyperopia (farsightedness), and advancing age.
   

A Medical Emergency:

Acute angle-closure glaucoma is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment to prevent permanent vision loss. If you experience any of these symptoms, seek prompt medical care.
 

How Are These Types Diagnosed?

At the Eyecare Center of Martin, our comprehensive glaucoma screenings involve:

• Tonometry: Measuring intraocular pressure (IOP).

• Gonioscopy: Examining the drainage angle of the eye to determine if it is open or closed.

• Visual Field Testing: Assessing peripheral vision for signs of loss.

• Optic Nerve Imaging: Monitoring optic nerve health for any signs of damage.
   

Treatment Options for Glaucoma

While there is no cure for glaucoma, treatment can help preserve vision and manage symptoms:

• For Open-Angle Glaucoma: Eye drops to reduce IOP, laser therapy, or minimally invasive surgical procedures.

• For Angle-Closure Glaucoma: Medications to lower eye pressure immediately, followed by laser surgery (peripheral iridotomy) to create a new drainage pathway.
   

Preventive Eye Care

Glaucoma is a serious condition that can significantly impact your quality of life if left untreated. Regular eye exams are the most effective way to catch it early and manage its progression. We are dedicated to providing personalized care and treatment options to protect your vision.
 

If you’re due for an eye exam or have concerns about your glaucoma risk, schedule your eye exam with Eyecare Center of Martin. Visit our office in Martin, Tennessee, or call (731) 587-3555 today.